10 Questions You Should to Know about Amorphous Solar Panel

Amorphous. It’s one of my favorite words in the solar dictionary; meaning without a clearly defined shape or form. When we think of solar energy, we tend to think of traditional photovoltaic panels, which make up the vast majority of solar technology in use today. Though solar panels are the most common form we see, manufacturers are constantly developing alternatives in efforts to lower the cost of solar and to expand its potential uses for situations when traditional panels may not be ideal. In the solar community, some of these alternatives are referred to as “emerging PV.” 

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One such alternative to traditional panels that has gained traction is the amorphous solar panel, the most well-developed thin-film solar cell. Amorphous solar panels are thin, flexible solar panels that have the shape and feel of a strip of rubber. The technology has a breadth of potential uses, as well as a lower price tag to manufacture. At this point, however, they’re not quite ready for the common rooftop solar panel installation. We’ll get to why in a moment.

So if you’re searching for the best solar panels, what should you know about amorphous solar panels? Let’s dive in. 

What Are Amorphous Solar Panels? 

Amorphous solar panels use the same silicon-based photovoltaic technology that exists in the common solar panel, but without the solar cell. Instead of the layered crystalline silicon wafers that appear in a solar cell, amorphous solar panels are made from a layer of non-crystalline silicon that is overlaid upon a thin substrate like glass, plastic or metal. The resulting conductive material is extremely versatile; malleable, lightweight and easily cut into unique shapes fit for many applications. 

Though you can find some flexible thin-film solar panels available commercially for installations, amorphous solar panels won’t be as easy to find for a while. But when they are, what could people use amorphous solar panels for?

Applications of Amorphous Solar Panels

Well, their flexibility makes them appealing for a wide range of applications beyond rooftop solar. It’s hard for most of us to think of the potential uses of PV technology when we don’t see it in action just yet. Some of the most common applications of amorphous solar panels will (or already) include powering things like: 

• Outdoor lights
• Small gadgets like portable speakers, solar chargers and e-readers
• Watches and clothing accessories (one of my favorite uses of solar is this hat with a fan built-in)   
• Calculators
• Off-grid buildings or structures with low energy needs
• Windows with transparency gradients

Comparing Amorphous Solar Panels to Conventional Solar Panels

Solar panels come in all shapes and sizes, but the main types of solar panels are monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin-film (as we mentioned, amorphous solar panels are the most well-developed type of thin-film PV technology). 

Monocrystalline solar panels are what you’ll typically find from the best residential solar installers, as they yield the highest efficiency. Remember: For residential purposes, efficiency is the name of the game. The average home only has so much space on its roof, and you’ll need to maximize every square foot to offset your home’s total energy consumption. That being said, let’s compare amorphous solar panels to more traditional panels.

Advantages of Amorphous Solar Panels

Since amorphous solar panels are so flexible, they’re ideal for unique installations. Solar panels typically weigh around 40 pounds and are, of course, unable to bend, so many solar contractors find it difficult (or dangerous) to install panels on steep, slanted or oddly shaped surfaces. 

For example, here are a couple of roofs where I’d imagine traditional solar panels would be a no-go. 

Amorphous solar panels could theoretically provide a cost-effective, relatively easy-to-install solar solution for these buildings. Plus, their low-profile nature makes for a more sleek look that some customers prefer. However, as we’ll cover next, the low efficiency of amorphous technology means that they would be unlikely to be able to power these buildings as a sole energy source. 

Disadvantages of Amorphous Solar Panels

The most notable disadvantage to amorphous solar panels is that they lack the efficiency to be effective for the average home. The average solar panel intended for residential use lands somewhere between 15% and 20% efficient. The most efficient solar panels will top even 20%, while amorphous solar panels are around 6-7% efficient. In other words, your amorphous solar panels only produce electricity at around a third of the rate of a standard panel. Even with further investment, experts believe the theoretical efficiency limit of amorphous solar is 15%, still below the average solar panel. 

The Future of Amorphous Solar Panels

Because of the low ceiling for amorphous solar panel efficiency, the technology is not attracting massive investment. However, the existing products still hold potential as supplemental sources of energy for buildings, as well as small-scale functions like powering watches, calculators, clothing and more. 

If you’re looking into solar for a residential installation, we suggest reading more about the best solar panels for homes. If you’re looking into DIY solar or small-scale solar, amorphous solar may be a viable option for you. However, amorphous solar panels are still limited in their availability and may be difficult to find. If you’d like to learn where you might find thin-film or amorphous solar panels, contact a solar installation company near you. 

By kpgroup

All You Need to Know About Solar Panel Types

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Are you thinking about going solar but feeling overwhelmed by the number of solar panel types out there?  Well, You’re not alone! 

As solar energy continues to grow in popularity, it’s more important than ever to understand the differences between the types of solar panels in India.  Because your solar PV module choice can affect everything from how much energy you generate to how much you spend on your solar system. 

In this guide, we will walk you through the various solar panel models and their efficiency and help you make the right choice for your commercial and industrial projects. 

What is a solar panel, and how is it made?

To understand how solar panels work, it’s first important to know what goes into making them.  At their core, solar panel models are composed of silicon, glass, metals, and protective layers. The key player in any solar panel is the photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight into electricity. 

Here’s a quick brief about the function of each component – 

• Silicon: It’s the most common material used in different types of solar cells because it’s highly effective at converting sunlight into electricity.

• Glass: This forms the outer solar panel layers, allowing sunlight to pass through while also protecting the internal components.

• Metals: These are used in the panel frame and wiring, helping to transport the electricity generated by the PV cells.

• Protective Layers: These layers ensure the panel remains durable and weather-resistant over the years.

When sunlight hits the different types of photovoltaic cells, it causes electrons to move, generating electricity. That’s how power is generated!

8 Different Types of Solar Panels in India

Now, let’s go through the different types of solar panels available on the market today. Each of these solar panel types has its unique features, so let’s see what makes each one stand out.

A Quick Comparison Table to Understand Solar Panel Types and Efficiency

Here is a detailed version of each of these different solar panels – 

1. Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Having a question like “What is monocrystalline solar panel?” is totally understandable, especially if you are coming across the different types of photovoltaic cells for the first time. 

Monocrystalline solar panels are often considered the top choice for solar power. They’re made from a single silicon crystal, giving them their sleek, dark appearance with smooth, rounded edges. 

They’re compact, making them a great option for rooftop solar systems with limited space, and with proper care, they can last for over 25 years. 

Pros – 

• Top-tier Efficiency: High efficiency of 15-20%.

• Long Lifespan: They can last for over 25 years if properly maintained.

• Space-Saving: Great for smaller spaces, providing high output in a tight area.

Cons –  

• Higher Cost: They tend to be pricier due to the more complex manufacturing process.

• Fragile: You need to be careful when installing them to avoid damaging the panels.

2. Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Polycrystalline solar panels are made by melting silicon crystals and pouring them into molds, giving them a unique blue color with a less uniform appearance compared to monocrystalline panels. 

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They are typically larger in size and have a somewhat more textured look. While they aren’t as efficient as monocrystalline panels, they’re a more affordable option and still perform well in areas with moderate sunlight. 

Pros –  

• Cost-Effective: Cheaper than monocrystalline panels.

• Good in Moderate Sunlight: Perform well in consistent sun.

Cons –  

• Lower Efficiency: Less powerful, requiring more panels for the same output.

• Larger Installation Area: More area required for installation.

3. Thin-Film Solar Panels

Thin-film solar panels are made by layering photovoltaic materials onto a flexible substrate, giving them a sleek, lightweight design. These panels are often black or dark in color and are known for their versatility, as they can be used on curved surfaces like rooftops or portable homes like modified vehicles and houseboats. 

Though they have lower efficiency compared to other types, they are a great option for unconventional installations. 

Pros – 

• Lightweight & Flexible: It can be installed on curved or irregular surfaces.

• Affordable: Typically, cheaper to manufacture, lowering overall system costs.

Cons –  

• Lower Efficiency: Efficiency ranges from 7-13%, requiring more space for the same output. 

• Shorter Lifespan: Usually, last only 10-20 years.

4. Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (A-Si) Panel

A-Si solar panels are the type of thin-film panel made from non-crystalline silicon. They are often used in portable or flexible solar applications, thanks to their lightweight and versatile design. These panels typically have a dark color and are perfect for installations on curved roofs or even windows, though their efficiency is lower compared to other solar panel types. 

Pros – 

• Flexible: It can be applied to curved or irregular surfaces, including windows.

• Low Cost: More affordable to produce, making them budget-friendly.

Cons – 

• Very Low Efficiency: Only 6-10% efficient, requiring more space for adequate power.

• Requires Large Installation Space: Due to low efficiency, a larger area is needed for installation.

5. Bifacial Solar Panels

Made with a transparent backsheet, these panels allow light to be reflected off surfaces like snow, water, or even the ground to generate additional energy. They typically have a rectangular shape and look similar to traditional solar panels but with a more durable and reflective back. 

The color of the panels is usually dark or metallic, with a sleek, modern appearance. 

Pros – 

• Higher Energy Yield: Generates more power from both sides.

• Increased Efficiency: Can produce up to 30% more energy than traditional panels.

Cons – 

• Proper Installation is Key: Needs space and careful setup for maximum performance.

• Higher Cost: More expensive than regular panels.

6. Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells (CdTe) Panel

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) solar panels are also the type of thin-film panel made from cadmium telluride.  These panels are typically dark in color, with a smooth, sleek appearance, and are often used in large-scale solar farms and utility projects.  

They are especially effective in hot climates and perform well in partially shaded areas, making them a good option for areas with high temperatures. 

Pros –  

• Affordable: Cheaper to produce than silicon-based panels, reducing system costs. 

• Great in Hot Climates: Perform well in high temperatures and partially shaded areas.

Cons –  

• Toxic Materials: Cadmium, a toxic substance, is involved in production, raising environmental concerns.

• Lower Efficiency: Not as efficient as silicon-based panels, requiring more space for the same output.

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7. Concentrated PV Cells (CVP)

Concentrated PV (CVP) cells are made by using lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, high-efficiency solar cells. This design helps maximize power output.  

These panels tend to be compact in shape but require additional components like mirrors and tracking systems.  The panels are typically sleek with a high-tech, metallic finish and are most effective in sunny regions like deserts or open fields, where direct sunlight is abundant. 

Pros – 

• Incredible Efficiency: Achieves efficiency level above 30%, much higher than traditional panels.

• Ideal for Sunny Areas: Best in places with lots of direct sunlight such as deserts and sunny climates.

Cons – 

• Expensive: Requires costly equipment (lenses, mirrors).

• Space-Dependent: Needs a large area and specific setup.

8. Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact Cells (PERC) Panel

PERC solar panels are an advanced type of silicon panel that incorporates a passivation layer on the rear of the cell to enhance energy efficiency, especially in low-light conditions. 

These panels are typically rectangular, similar to standard silicon panels, but with a slightly more intricate design due to the added rear layer. They usually have a metallic or dark appearance and are known for their durability and higher efficiency in cloudy or shaded environments. 

Pros –  

• Better Low-Light Performance: Works well in areas with overcast or intermittent sunlight.

• Durability: More durable and long-lasting than older solar technologies.

Cons –  

• Higher Initial Cost: More expensive due to advanced technology.

• Complex Manufacturing: The production process is more complicated, contributing to the higher price.

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Frequently asked questions :

Q.1. What Are The Different Types Of Solar Panels?

Ans: The main types of solar panels are monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film. Each has its own unique features, efficiency levels, and costs.

Q.2. Which Type Of Solar Panel Is The Most Efficient?

Ans: Monocrystalline solar panels are the most efficient, typically converting more sunlight into electricity compared to other types due to their high-quality silicon.

Q.3. How Long Do Solar Panels Last?

Ans: Most solar panels, regardless of type, last between 25 to 30 years, though the efficiency may decrease slightly over time. Monocrystalline panels tend to have the longest lifespan.