How to Choose truck dual purpose battery?

By Vicki Hall, Director, Transportation Technical Solutions at EnerSys, ODYSSEY Battery at EnerSys

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Whether you rely on a multiple-battery system or a single battery for your work truck, a reliable battery is essential equipment to keep you on the road and operating all the electrical accessories you need. For the best experience, there are some questions you should ask. Are all batteries ideal for multiple-battery systems? Should you use conventional flooded lead acid batteries? What if you can only use one type of battery'which one is best?

Generally speaking, the right battery is the one you can depend on. That means choosing a battery that meets the requirements of the application, performs well and lasts a long time.

While the price of a conventional flooded lead acid battery may appear to be less expensive  upfront, in the long run it can end up costing more. Let's take a closer look to understand some of the critical differences between dual purpose and conventional flooded lead acid batteries.

Conventional Flooded Lead Acid Batteries

The basic technology of conventional batteries has been around for more than 150 years, and  continue to be widely used, although perhaps, not best suited for every application.

Sometimes referred to as 'starter batteries', these batteries are designed to deliver a large burst of power for a short time, as in starting an engine. The battery is then recharged by the alternator in the vehicle. They consist of a plastic outer case and cover that houses lead plates surrounded by liquid electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid). Unlike a deep-cycle battery, starting batteries are designed for only shallow cycles. Deep cycling can significantly shorten its life.

All batteries self-discharge when not in use. Flooded lead acid batteries generally have a higher rate of self-discharge and are more dramatically affected by extremes in temperature.

Conventional flooded lead acid batteries also require more maintenance, like water addition, and terminal cleaning to remove any corrosion. Typically, these batteries are somewhat less robust as the cases and covers are not designed for the extreme shock and vibration experienced in commercial vehicle service. Cracks in the cases can cause acid to leak from the battery and vibration can damage internal components. Battery performance can also be dramatically affected by extreme temperatures.

Dual Purpose Batteries

Dual purpose batteries are ideally suited for applications that require both strong cranking power and low-amp draw (cycling) service to meet the extended auxiliary power needs of electrical accessories. Among this class of battery, Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) sealed batteries are a top performer.

Inside AGM batteries, positive and negative lead plates are separated by an absorbent glass mat that holds the electrolyte, rather than being immersed in electrolyte. The plates and separator are tightly compressed in cells and held within a durable plastic case. This extremely tight compression limits 'shedding' of plate material that happens during battery cycling and produces significantly longer battery life. In addition, the compression serves to lower internal resistance and maximize power output, improving performance in colder temperatures.

Deep cycling, dual purpose AGM batteries charge up to five times faster and offer a depth of discharge of 80 percent, compared to flooded lead acid batteries that offer 50 percent for the same rated cycle life.

Sealed AGM batteries experience very little water loss and recombine most gasses within the battery. However, the design of these batteries also features a valve that releases any excess pressure that might occur from minor gassing during charging.

Review and Compare

AGM dual purpose batteries offer many unbeatable advantages over conventional batteries, and some of the key differences are outlined below. Be sure to evaluate how the benefits support your work truck demands:

• Excellent starting capability
• Deep cycle performance
• More starts per battery, up to three times longer battery life
• Low self-discharge rate
• Recharges up to five times faster
• Low maintenance
• Minimizes surface corrosion
• Excellent cold weather performance
• Less prone to sulfation and grid corrosion
• More durable construction, vibration resistant
• Non-spill, safer to handle
• Special valves to protect battery lifespan

When it comes to choosing a battery for your work truck, never was the old saying, 'you get what you pay for,' truer. Choosing a quality dual purpose battery will more than pay back the initial cost difference when compared to a conventional flooded lead acid battery, in maintenance, performance and battery life. Always be sure to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for battery care and handling, and direct any questions to your battery professional.

Choosing the correct battery for your semi-truck is crucial for a smooth ride. In this article, we'll guide you through everything you need to know. We'll start by understanding your truck's needs and then explore different battery types. Finally, we'll discuss essential factors to consider and how to take care of your battery.

Part 1. Understanding semi-truck battery requirements

Semi-trucks have unique power needs compared to regular vehicles. They need strong batteries to handle these needs. Here's why:

Heavy-Duty Nature of Semi-Trucks

1. Starting Power

• Semi-trucks have large engines. They need a lot of power to start.
• A regular car battery doesn't need to be stronger. Semi-trucks need batteries with higher cold cranking amps (CCA).

2. Accessory Power

• Semi-trucks often have many accessories. These can include lights, GPS systems, and refrigerators.
• These accessories need power even when the engine is off.
• A good battery ensures all these accessories work correctly.

3. Extended Hours on the Road

• Semi-trucks travel long distances.
• Batteries must provide consistent power for long periods.
• They need to be reliable and durable.

4. Frequent Starting and Stopping

• Semi-trucks often start and stop. This happens at loading docks and rest areas.
• Batteries must handle frequent cycling. This means charging and discharging many times.

Electrical Demands

Multiple Batteries

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• Semi-trucks often use more than one battery.
• They need this to meet high power demands.

High Capacity

• Batteries need to store a lot of energy.
• This ensures the truck can run all electrical systems without interruption.

Compatibility

• The battery must match the truck's electrical system. If not, the battery can fail, and the car might not start or work correctly.

Voltage and Amperage

• The battery must have voltage and amperage to fit the truck's needs. Most semi-trucks use a 12-volt system, but always check what your vehicle requires.

Part 2. Types of batteries for semi-trucks

Starting Batteries

Starting batteries are designed to give a quick, intense burst of power to start your truck's engine. They use lead-acid technology to produce a lot of current quickly.

• Role: Their main job is to start the engine. Once the engine runs, the alternator powers the truck and recharges the battery.
• Cold Cranking Amps (CCA): A key feature of starting batteries. CCA measures how well the battery can start the engine in cold temperatures. Higher CCA means better performance in cold weather.
• Chemistry: Typically, starting batteries use flooded lead-acid chemistry. They have thin lead plates that provide high power output but do not support deep discharging.

Deep Cycle Batteries

Manufacturers build deep-cycle batteries to provide steady power over a long time. They differ from starting batteries because you can discharge and recharge them many times without damage.

• Role: These batteries are used to power accessories and equipment in your truck when the engine is off. This includes things like lights, radios, and other electronics.
• Use: They are ideal for trucks that need power for long periods without running the engine. This makes them great for overnight stays or long stops.

Chemistry: 

• Flooded Lead-Acid: These have thick lead plates and are cost-effective but require regular maintenance.
• AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat): These are sealed and maintenance-free, offering good performance and durability.
• Gel: These are also sealed and maintenance-free, providing good resistance to vibration and temperature extremes.
• Lithium-Ion: These are becoming more popular for deep-cycle applications. They are lightweight, have a longer lifespan, and allow for deeper discharging than lead-acid batteries without damage. They also charge faster and require no maintenance but are more expensive upfront.

Dual Purpose Batteries

Dual-purpose batteries combine the features of starting and deep-cycle batteries. They can provide the power needed to start the engine and deliver steady power over time.

• Role: They are versatile and can handle both starting the engine and powering accessories.
• Benefits: Dual-purpose batteries are beneficial when space or budget is limited. They offer a good balance for trucks that need both functions but don't want to install two separate batteries.
• Chemistry: Dual-purpose batteries usually use AGM or enhanced flooded lead-acid chemistries. They provide both high power output and deep cycle capabilities.

Choosing the correct type of battery for your semi-truck depends on your specific needs and how you use your truck. Understanding these options helps you make the best choice.

Part 3. Factors to consider when choosing a semi-truck battery

Battery Capacity

Battery capacity, measured in Amp-Hours (Ah), determines how long your battery can provide power.

• Importance: Higher capacity means more power available over a more extended period before needing recharge.
• Determining Appropriate Capacity: Calculate based on your truck's power demands when idling or with accessories running. More capacity ensures reliable power during long hauls.

Cold Cranking Amps (CCA)

Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) measure a battery's ability to start an engine in cold temperatures.

• Definition: It indicates the maximum current a battery can deliver at 0°F (-18°C) for 30 seconds without dropping below a specified voltage.
• Choosing the Right CCA: Consider your truck's climate and engine size. Higher CCA ratings are needed for colder climates and larger engines to ensure reliable starting.

Reserve Capacity (RC)

Reserve Capacity (RC) measures how long a battery can run essential electrical loads if the alternator fails.

• Explanation: It indicates the minutes a fully charged battery at 80°F (27°C) can supply 25 amps before dropping below 10.5 volts.
• Importance: Crucial for trucks relying on electronics during engine-off periods or emergencies.

Durability and Vibration Resistance

Semi-trucks operate in rugged environments with constant vibration and harsh conditions.

• Importance of Durability: Ensure the battery can withstand rough roads and engine vibrations without damage.
• Features for Vibration Resistance: Look for batteries with robust casing and internal components designed to absorb vibrations, reducing the risk of failure.

Maintenance Requirements

Maintenance needs vary between batteries, impacting long-term performance and cost-effectiveness.

• Comparison: Maintenance-free batteries (like AGM or Gel) require no refilling or electrolyte checks, reducing upkeep.
• Impact on Performance: Batteries needing maintenance (like flooded lead-acid) require periodic checks and water refills to ensure optimal performance and lifespan.

Part 4. Maintenance and care for semi-truck batteries

Proper maintenance and care are crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of semi-truck batteries.

Regular Inspections

• Importance of inspections: Regularly check battery terminals for corrosion and ensure they are clean and securely connected.
• Frequency: Inspect every few months or during routine maintenance checks to catch issues early.

Cleaning and Terminals

• Cleaning process: Use baking soda and water to clean terminals and prevent corrosion buildup.
• Significance: Clean terminals ensure good electrical connections and prevent starting problems.

Monitoring Electrolyte Levels (For Flooded Batteries)

• Process: Add distilled water to check and maintain proper electrolyte levels in flooded batteries.
• Reason: Proper electrolyte levels optimize battery performance and lifespan.

Testing and Charging

• >Regular testing: Use a battery tester to check voltage and charge state.
• Charging practices: Charge batteries entirely after use and avoid deep discharges to extend battery life.

Storage and Temperature Considerations

• Storage guidelines: Store batteries in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
• Temperature impact: Extreme temperatures can affect battery performance; maintain within recommended ranges.

Replacement Timing

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• Signs of replacement: Monitor battery age and performance indicators like slow cranking or frequent jump starts.
• Timing: Replace batteries before they fail to avoid downtime and potential damage to other electrical components.

Part 5. FAQs