Polyethylene terephthalate does not affect human health. While many consumers have erroneous assumptions about PET, it does not contain BPA, phthalates, dioxins, cadmium, lead, or endocrine disruptors. Therefore, drinking water from a polyethylene terephthalate bottle that has been left in a hot car, frozen, or washed and used more than once, does not pose any health risk.

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Is Polyethylene Terephthalate Toxic?

Polyethylene Terephthalate is generally regarded as a safe material. Heat treatment of recycled PET flakes removes any volatiles, ensuring they are safe for food contact.

According to a study published by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), PET is biologically inert when ingested, safe for skin contact, and poses no risk when inhaled. Moreover, no signs of toxicity were found in animal feeding studies, reinforcing the notion that PET and its intermediates are non-toxic and present no health threats.

Additionally, PET bottles and containers discarded in landfills do not leach harmful substances. Being inert, they resist microbial degradation and can be flattened for efficient landfill use.

What Is the Difference Between Polyethylene Terephthalate and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)?

Both HDPE and PET are common materials in the bottle manufacturing sector. Although they might appear similar, they have distinct properties that differentiate them.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) can tolerate temperatures from -110°F to 165°F. It is typically opaque, unlike the clear nature of PET, and is often used for semi-opaque containers.

While PET does not hold up under extreme temperature conditions as well as HDPE, it does offer excellent resistance to diluted acids, oils, and alcohols, which can affect HDPE. Like HDPE, PET can also be dyed in various colors.

For a more detailed comparison, refer to our guide on Polyethylene Terephthalate vs. High Density Polyethylene.

Is Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Good for 3D Printing?

Absolutely, polyethylene terephthalate is an excellent choice for 3D printing. PET 3D filament is easy to work with, featuring a broad temperature range of 160°C to 210°C for extruding. The benefits of utilizing PET for 3D printing include its food-safe properties, waterproof nature, glass-like finish, and absence of odor or fumes. However, it may require some adjustments to determine the optimal printing temperature, and the printing process itself may be slower due to its varied temperature requirements.

Polyethylene (High Density) HDPE

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Polyethylene, also known as Polythene, is one of the most widely used plastics in the world, known for its vast applicability ranging from strong damp-proof membranes for construction to lightweight flexible bags and films. In terms of films and flexible packaging, the two main types used are LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) and HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). LDPE is usually utilized for heavier films and bags while HDPE is used commonly for thin carrier bags and certain bottles and caps.

The versatility of PE allows producers to adjust its formulation to enhance properties such as impact resistance, flexibility, and printing capabilities. Recyclability is another benefit, as many items like agricultural films and outdoor products utilize recycled polyethylene due to its high calorific value, making it suitable for energy recovery through incineration.

APPLICATIONS

Common applications include chemical drums, jerricans, carboys, toys, kitchenware, insulation for cables, carrier bags, and food wrapping material.

PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile Strength: 0.20 - 0.40 N/mm²
Notched Impact Strength: no break Kj/m²
Thermal Coefficient of Expansion: 100 - 220 x 10-6
Max Continuous Use Temperature: 65°C
Density: 0.944 - 0.965 g/cm³

RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
Dilute Acid: ****
Dilute Alkalis: ****
Oils and Greases: ** variable
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: *
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: *
Halogenated Hydrocarbons: *
Alcohols: ****

CURRENT CASE STUDIES

High-density polyethylene garden containers are favored due to their low cost, rigidity, and ease of blow molding, making them a popular choice in gardening products.

HDPE PLASTIC BOTTLES

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bottles are a common packaging solution for milk and juice products, with around four billion HDPE milk bottles produced in the UK each year.

BENEFITS OF HDPE BOTTLES

• Recyclable: HDPE bottles can be recycled completely.
• Sustainable: Offers opportunities to use recycled material in the supply chain.
• Lightweight: Allows for significant product weight reduction.
• Adaptable: Can serve as monolayer bottles for pasteurized milk or co-extruded with barrier layers for longer shelf-life products.
• Safe and secure: Features tamper-evident closures to maintain product integrity.
• Commercially viable: Supports various marketing and branding opportunities.
• Innovative: Continues to evolve with advancements in blow-molding technology.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTS

HDPE milk bottles are one of the most recycled packaging items, achieving a recycling rate of roughly 79% in the UK. Recent innovations have resulted in bottles that are 15% lighter than those produced three years ago. New designs, like the award-winning Infini bottle, have incorporated up to 30% recycled HDPE, surpassing industry standards.

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