Polyethylene terephthalate does not affect human health. While many consumers have erroneous assumptions about PET, it does not contain BPA, phthalates, dioxins, cadmium, lead, or endocrine disruptors. Therefore, drinking water from a polyethylene terephthalate bottle that has been left in a hot car, frozen, or washed and used more than once, does not pose any health risk.

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Is Polyethylene Terephthalate Toxic?

Polyethylene Terephthalate is not considered toxic. Heat treatment of recycled PET flakes removes any volatiles, making them safe and meeting the requirements for direct food contact.

According to the ILIS study, PET is biologically inert if ingested, is dermally safe during handling, and is not a hazard if inhaled. In addition, no evidence of toxicity has been detected in feeding studies using animals. The study states, &#;Similar studies conducted with monomers and typical PET intermediates also show that these materials are essentially non-toxic and pose no threats to human health.&#;

Additionally, PET bottles and containers that are discarded in landfills pose no risk of harm or leaching. Because it is inert, it is resistant to attack by micro-organisms and won't biologically degrade. PET bottles can also easily be crushed flat to take up relatively little landfill space.

What Is the Difference Between Polyethylene Terephthalate and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)?

HDPE and PET are both very popular for manufacturing bottles. They are quite similar on the surface but do have some differences that set them apart.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a ubiquitous plastic used in manufacturing. HDPE can withstand temperatures ranging from -110° to 165° F. Unlike PET, HDPE is not clear but can be used to make semi-opaque bottles.

Polyethylene terephthalate isn&#;t as temperature-resilient as HDPE. PET does protect against diluted acids, oils, and alcohols that attack HDPE. Like HDPE, PET can be matched to any color.

To learn more, see our guide on Polyethylene Terephthalate vs. High Density Polyethylene.

Is Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Good for 3D Printing?

Yes, polyethylene terephthalate is suitable for 3D printing. PET 3D filament is an easy material to use. Its temperature range for the PET extruder is quite wide at 160°C to 210°C. The advantages of using PET for 3D printing are that it is food-safe, waterproof, has a glass-like appearance, and does not produce odor or fumes. The disadvantages are that PET may take some tweaking to find the right temperature for printing. In addition, it has a wide range of printing temperatures and may be slow to print.

Polyethylene (High Density) HDPE

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Polyethylene (Polythene) is one of the world&#;s most popular plastics. It is an enormously versatile polymer which is suited to a wide range of applications from heavy-duty damp proof membranes for new buildings to light, flexible bags and films.

Two major types of PE are in use in the films and flexible packaging sector &#; LDPE (Low Density) used generally for trays and heavier duty films such as long-life bags and sacks, poly tunnels, protective sheeting, food bags etc and HDPE (High Density) which is used for most thin gauge carrier bags, fresh produce bags and some bottles and caps.

There are other variants on these two main typesn. All offer an good vapour or moisture barrier qualities and are chemically inert.

By altering the formulation and gauge of polyethylene, the producer/converter can adjust impact and tear resistance; transparency and tactility; flexibility, formability and coating/laminating/printing capability. PE can be recycled and many bin bags, agricultural films and long-life products such as park benches, bollards and waste bins use recycled polyethylene. Due to its high calorific value, PE offers excellent energy recovery through clean incineration.

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APPLICATIONS

Chemical drums, jerricans, carboys, toys, picnic ware, household and kitchenware, cable insulation, carrier bags, food wrapping material.
 

PROPERTIES

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile Strength 0.20 - 0.40 N/mm²
Notched Impact Strength no break Kj/m²
Thermal Coefficient of expansion 100 - 220 x 10-6
Max Cont Use Temp 65 oC
Density 0.944 - 0.965 g/cm3

RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS
Dilute Acid ****
Dilute Alkalis ****
Oils and Greases ** variable
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons *
Aromatic Hydrocarbons *
Halogenated Hydrocarbons *
Alcohols ****

KEY * poor ** moderate *** good **** very good
 

CURRENT CASE STUDIES

 

Garden containers made from high density polyethylene. Low cost, high rigidity and ease of blow moulding has made the material a natural choice in gardening furnishings.

Flexible, translucent/waxy, weatherproof, good low temperature toughness (to -60'C), easy to process by most methods, low cost, good chemical resistance.Tensile StrengthNotched Impact StrengthThermal Coefficient of expansionMax Cont Use TempDensityDilute Acid ****Dilute Alkalis ****Oils and Greases ** variableAliphatic Hydrocarbons *Aromatic Hydrocarbons *Halogenated Hydrocarbons *Alcohols ****KEY * poor ** moderate *** good **** very good

 

HDPE PLASTIC BOTTLES

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bottles are a popular packaging choice for the milk and fresh juice markets. In the UK, for example, around four billion HDPE milk bottles are produced and purchased each year.

HDPE provides a whole host of benefits to manufacturers, retailers and consumers.

BENEFITS OF HDPE BOTTLES

Recyclable: HDPE bottles are 100% recyclable so material can be used over and over again

Sustainable: HDPE offers opportunities to integrate recycled material back into the supply chain

Easy to lightweight: HDPE bottles offer significant lightweighting opportunities

Adaptable: the only bottle type of plastic that can be used as a monolayer bottle for pasteurised milk, or as a coextruded bottle with barrier layers for UHT or sterilised milk

Easy to use: the only type of packaging that allows an integrated handle and pouring aperture to enable controlled grip and pour

Safe and secure: the only type of packaging that can have either an external tamper evident closure, or an induction heat seal closure, to prevent leaking, preserve product freshness and show up evidence of tampering

Commercial: HDPE bottles offer a full range of marketing opportunities, e.g. printing direct onto the material, printing direct onto the sleeve or label, and the ability to amend the shape so that it stands out on the shelf

Innovative: ability to push boundaries and achieve new milestones with innovative use of blow moulding equipment.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTS 

HDPE milk bottles are one of the most widely recycled items of packaging in the UK, with Recoup figures showing that HDPE bottles are recycled around 79% of the time
On average, HDPE milk bottles in the UK are now 15% lighter than they were just three years ago

However, innovative designs such as the multi-award-winning Infini bottle mean that it is now possible to lightweight bottles by up to 25% on a standard bottle (depending on size)

On average, HDPE milk bottles in the UK contain up to 15% recycled material

However, advancements in technology and innovative designs with products mean that new achievements have been possible. For example, in , Nampak achieved a world first by incorporating 30% recycled HDPE into its Infini milk bottle &#; two years ahead of industry targets.

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