Gas Cylinder Safety Regulations and Guidelines

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Guidelines by Organization
OSHA — Common Oversights of Safety Issues
OSHA — Standard 1910.253
Compressed Gas Association (CGA) — Safe Handling of Compressed Gases
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
International Code Council
Uniform Fire Code (UFC) — 1994 Uniform Fire Code — Part VII (Discontinued as of 1997 and adopted by NFPA 1)

OSHA

"Compressed Gas Cylinders - Common Oversights of Safety Issues found within OSHA Regulations" (Excerpts)

The actual OSHA standard, 1910.253(b)(2)(ii) says,

Inside of buildings, cylinders shall be stored in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location, at least 20 (6.1m) feet from highly combustible materials such as oil or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in definitely assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Assigned storage spaces shall be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Cylinders shall not be kept in unventilated enclosures such as lockers and cupboards.

1926.350(a) Transporting, moving, and storing compressed gas cylinders.

1926.350(a)(1) Valve protection caps shall be in place and secured.

1926.350(a)(2) When cylinders are hoisted, they shall be secured on a cradle, slingboard, or pallet. They shall not be hoisted or transported by means of magnets or choker slings.

1926.350(a)(3) Cylinders shall be moved by tilting and rolling them on their bottom edges. They shall not be intentionally dropped, struck, or permitted to strike each other violently.

1926.350(a)(4) When cylinders are transported by powered vehicles, they shall be secured in a vertical position.

1926.350(a)(5) Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting cylinders from one vertical position to another. Bars shall not be used under valves or valve protection caps to pry cylinders loose when frozen. Warm, not boiling, water shall be used to thaw cylinders loose.

1926.350(a)(6) Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special carrier intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed and valve protection caps put in place before cylinders are moved.

1926.350(a)(7) A suitable cylinder truck, chain, or other steadying device shall be used to keep cylinders from being knocked over while in use.

1926.350(a)(8) When work is finished, when cylinders are empty, or when cylinders are moved at any time, the cylinder valve shall be closed.

1926.350(a)(9) Compressed gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position at all times except, if necessary, for short periods of time while cylinders are actually being hoisted or carried.

1926.350(a)(10) Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), a minimum distance of 20 feet (6.1 m) or by a noncombustible barrier at least 5 feet (1.5 m) high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour.

1926.350(a)(11) Inside of buildings, cylinders shall be stored in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from highly combustible materials such as oil or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in definitely assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Assigned storage places shall be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Cylinders shall not be kept in unventilated enclosures such as lockers and cupboards.

..1926.350(a)(12) 1926.350(a)(12) The in-plant handling, storage, and utilization of all compressed gases in cylinders, portable tanks, rail tankcars, or motor vehicle cargo tanks shall be in accordance with Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet P-1-1965.

1926.350(b) Placing cylinders. 1926.350(b)(1) Cylinders shall be kept far enough away from the actual welding or cutting operation so that sparks, hot slag, or flame will not reach them. When this is impractical, fire resistant shields shall be provided.

1926.350(b)(2) Cylinders shall be placed where they cannot become part of an electrical circuit. Electrodes shall not be struck against a cylinder to strike an arc.

1926.350(b)(3) Fuel gas cylinders shall be placed with valve end up whenever they are in use. They shall not be placed in a location where they would be subject to open flame, hot metal, or other sources of artificial heat.

1926.350(b)(4) Cylinders containing oxygen or acetylene or other fuel gas shall not be taken into confined spaces.

1926.350(c) Treatment of cylinders. 1926.350(c)(1) Cylinders, whether full or empty, shall not be used as rollers or supports.

..1926.350(c)(2) 1926.350(c)(2) No person other than the gas supplier shall attempt to mix gases in a cylinder. No one except the owner of the cylinder or person authorized by him, shall refill a cylinder. No one shall use a cylinder's contents for purposes other than those intended by the supplier. All cylinders used shall meet the Department of Transportation requirements published in 49 CFR Part 178, Subpart C, Specification for Cylinders.

1926.350(d)(2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent damage to the regulator. For quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be opened more than 1 1/2 turns. When a special wrench is required, it shall be left in position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is in use so that the fuel gas flow can be shut off quickly in case of an emergency. In the case of manifolded or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall always be available for immediate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when in use, which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve.

..1926.350(d)(3) 1926.350(d)(3) Fuel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or other devices which are equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold.

1926.350(d)(4) Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve shall always be closed and the gas released from the regulator.

1926.350(f)(4) Hose which has been subject to flashback, or which shows evidence of severe wear or damage, shall be tested to twice the normal pressure to which it is subject, but in no case less than 300 p.s.i. Defective hose, or hose in doubtful condition, shall not be used.

1926.350(f)(6) Boxes used for the storage of gas hose shall be ventilated.

1926.350(g)(2) Torches in use shall be inspected at the beginning of each working shift for leaking shutoff valves, hose couplings, and tip connections. Defective torches shall not be used.

1926.350(h) Regulators and gauges. Oxygen and fuel gas pressure regulators, including their related gauges, shall be in proper working order while in use.

1926.350(j) Oil and grease hazards. Oxygen cylinders and fittings shall be kept away from oil or grease. Cylinders, cylinder caps and valves, couplings, regulators, hose, and apparatus shall be kept free from oil or greasy substances and shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves. Oxygen shall not be directed at oily surfaces, greasy clothes, or within a fuel oil or other storage tank or vessel.

Additional rules. For additional details not covered in this subpart, applicable technical portions of American National Standards Institute, Z49.1-1967, Safety in Welding and Cutting, shall apply. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 42328, Oct. 18, 1990; 58 FR 35179, June 30, 1993]

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulation 1910.253 (Excerpt)

(b)(2)(ii) Inside of buildings, cylinders shall be stored in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location, at least 20 feet (6.1m) from highly combustible materials such as oil or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in definitely assigned places away from elevators, stairs, or gangways. Assigned storage spaces shall be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Cylinders shall not be kept in unventilated enclosures such as lockers and cupboards.

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Compressed Gas Association, Inc. (CGA)

"Safe Handling of Compressed Gases" (Excerpts)

3. Safe Handling Rules for Cylinders of Compressed Gases (*) The rules of this section apply generally to the handling of all cylinders containing compressed gases. References to other publications giving additional handling precautions for specific gases are listed in Section 6.

3.1.9 Where the user is responsible for the handling of the cylinder and connecting it for use, such cylinders should carry a legible label or stencil identifying the content. See American Standard Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contains, Z48.1(3) , and CGA Pamphlet C-7, "A Guide to the Preparation of Labels for Compressed Gas Containers."(4)

3.2.3 Never drop cylinders nor permit them to strike against each other or against other surfaces violently.

3.2.5 Avoid dragging or sliding cylinders. It is safer to move cylinders even short distances by using a suitable truck.

3.2.6 Use suitable hand truck, fork truck, roll platform or similar device with cylinder firmly secured for transporting and unloading.

3.3.8 Protect cylinders from any object that will produce a cut or other abrasion in the surface of the metal. Do not store cylinders near elevators or gangways, or in locations where heavy moving objects may strike or fall on them.

3.3.10 Cylinders should be protected against tampering by unauthorized individuals.

3.4.4 Before using cylinder, be sure it is properly supported to prevent it from being knocked over.

3.5.3 Do not store reserve stocks of cylinders containing flammable gases with cylinders containing oxygen. They should be segregated. Inside of buildings, stored oxygen and fuel gas cylinders should be separated by a minimum of 20 feet, or there should be a fire-resistive partition between the oxygen and fuel gas cylinders. This is in accordance with NFPA Standard No. 51. "Gas Systems for Welding and Cutting." (6)

3.7.1 ICC specification cylinders containing pressurized liquid oxygen, nitrogen or argon must be transported, stored, and used in an upright position. These materials are maintained at extremely low temperatures, and cylinders must be kept upright to permit venting of vapor periodically to maintain safe internal pressures.

(*)Rules pertaining to the storage and handling of cylinders apply with equal force to the storage and handling of spheres and drums where the alternate use of these containers is authorized by ICC Regulations.

(3)"American Standard Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained," Z48.1 - CGA Pamphlet C-4 available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc.

(4)"A Guide to the Preparation of Labels for Compressed Gas Containers" - Pamphlet C-7, available from Compressed Gas Association, Inc.

(6)"Gas Systems for Welding and Cutting" - NFPA Standard No. 51, published by National Fire Protection Association.

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Excerpts from NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code 2015

63.2.18.1.2 Separation of Incompatible Gases Within Enclosures. Cylinders, containers, and tanks within enclosures shall be separated in accordance with Table 63.3.1.6.2. [55:6.18.1.2] 63.2.18.1.3 Fire Protection. Exhausted enclosures shall be internally sprinklered. [55:6.18.1.3]

63.2.18.2 Separation. Incompatible gases, as defined by Table 63.3.1.6.2, shall be stored or used within separate exhausted enclosures. [55:6.18.2]

63.3 Compressed Gases.

63.3.1 General. The storage, use, and handling of compressed gases in containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 1 through Chapter 7 or NFPA 55. [55:7.1]

63.3.1.6.3 Supports. Stationary cylinders, containers, and tanks shall be provided with engineered supports of noncombustible material on noncombustible foundations. [55:7.1.6.3]

63.3.1.6.5 Pressure Relief Devices

63.3.1.6.5.1 When required by 63.3.1.6.5.2, pressure relief devices shall be provided to protect containers and systems containing compressed gases from rupture in the event of overpressure from thermal exposure [55:7.1.5.1.1]

63.3.1.6.5.2 Pressure relief devices to protect containers shall be designed and provided in accordance with CGA S-1.1, Pressure Relief Device Standards - Part 1 - Cylinders for Compressed Gases, for cylinders; CGA S-1.2, Pressure Relief Device Standards - Part 2 - Cargo and Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases, for portable tanks; and CGA S-1.3 Pressure Relief Device Standards - Part 3 - Stationary Storage Containers for Compressed Gases, for stationary tanks or in accordance with applicable equivalent requirements in the country of use. [55:7.1.5.5.2]

63.3.1.6.5.3 Pressure relief devices shall be sized in accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated. [55:7.1.5.5.3]

63.3.1.6.5.4 The pressure relief device shall have the capacity to prevent the maximum design pressure of the container or system from being exceeded. [55:7.1.5.5.4]

63.3.1.9 Security.

63.3.1.9.1 General. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel. [55:7.1.9.1]

63.3.1.9.4 Physical Protection.

63.3.1.9.4.1 Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems that could be exposed to physical damage shall be protected. [55:7.1.9.3.1]

63.3.1.9.2 Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage in accordance with Section 4.11 of NFPA 55. [55:7.1.9.3.2]

63.3.1.9.5 Securing Compressed Gas Containers, Cylinders, and Tanks. Compressed gas cylinders, containers, and tanks in use or in storage shall be secured to prevent them from falling or being knocked over by corralling them and securing them to a cart, framework, or fixed object by use of a restraint, unless otherwise permitted by 63.3.1.9.5.1 and 63.3.1.9.5.2 of NFPA 55. [55:7.1.9.4]

63.3.1.10 Valve Protection

63.3.1.10.1 General. Compressed gas cylinder, container, and tank valves shall be protected from physical damage by means of protective caps, collars, or similar devices. [55:7.1.9.1]

63.3.1.10.1.1 Valve Protection of individual valves shall not be required to be installed on individual cylinders, containers, or tanks installed on tube trailers or similar transportable bulk gas systems equipped with manifolds that are provided with a means of physical protection that will protect the valves from physical damage when the equipment is in use. Protective systems required by DOT for over the road transport shall provide an acceptable means of protection. [55:7.1.9.1.1]

63.3.1.10.2 Valve-Protective Caps. Where compressed gas cylinders, containers, and tanks are designed to accept valve-protective caps, the user shall keep such caps on the compressed gas cylinders, containers, and tanks at all times, except when empty, being processed, or connected for use. [55:7.1.9.2]

63.3.1.10.3 Valve Outlet Caps or Plugs.

63.3.1.10.3.1 Gastight valve outlet caps or plugs shall be provided and in place for all full or partially full cylinders, containers, and tanks containing toxic, highly toxic, pyrophoric, or unstable reactive Class 3 or Class 4 gases that are in storage. [55:7.1.9.3.1]

63.3.1.11.1 General.

63.3.1.11.1.1 Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems in storage or use shall be separated from materials and conditions that present exposure hazards to or from each other. [55:7.1.10.1]

63.3.1.11.2* Incompatible Materials. Gas cylinders, containers, and tanks shall be separated in accordance with Table 63.3.1.11.2 [55:7.1.10.2]

63.3.1.11.2.2 The distances show in Table 63.3.1.11.2 shall be permitted to be reduced without limit where compressed gas cylinders, tanks, and containers are separated by a barrier of noncombustible construction that has a fire resistance rating of at least 0.5 hour and interrupts the line of sight between the containers [55:7.1.10.2.2]

63.3.1.11.2.3 The 20 ft (6.1 m) distance shall be permitted to be reduced to 5 ft (1.5 m) where one of the gases is enclosed in a gas cabinet or without limit where both gases are enclosed in gas cabinets. [55:7.1.10.2.3]

63.3.1.11.3.1 A noncombustible partition without openings or penetrations and extending sides not less than 18 in. (457 mm) above and to the sides of the storage area shall be permitted in the lieu of the minimum distance. [55:7.1.10.3.2]

63.3.2 Storage.

63.3.2.1 General.

63.3.2.1.1 Applicability. The storage of compressed gas containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be in accordance with 63.3.2 [55:7.2.1.1]

63.3.2.1.2 Upright Storage Flammable Gas in Solution and Liquefied Flammable Gas. Cylinders, containers, and tanks containing liquefied flammable gases and flammable gases in solution shall be positioned in the upright position. [55:7.2.1.2]

63.3.2.1.2.1 Containers and Cylinders of Less than 1.3 Gal (5 L). Containers with a capacity of 1.3 gal (5 L) or less shall be permitted to be stored in a horizontal position. [55:7.2.1.2.1] 63.3.3 Use and Handling.

63.3.3.1.1 Applicability. The use and handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks, and systems shall be in accordance with 63.3.1.1. [55:7.3.1.1]

63.3.3.1.6 Upright Use.

63.3.3.1.6.1 Compressed gas containers, cylinders, and tanks containing flammable liquefied gas, except those designed for use in a horizontal position and those compressed gas cylinders, containers, and tanks containing nonliquefied gases, shall be used in a “valve end up” upright position. [55:7.3.1.6.1]

63.3.3.1.6.2 An upright position shall include a position in which the container, cylinder, or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees from the vertical and in which the relief device is always in direct communication with the gas phase. [55:7.3.1.6.2]

63.3.3.1.7.2 The container, cylinder, or tank shall be secured, and the dispensing apparatus shall be designed for use in liquefied gas. [55:7.3.1.7.2]

63.3.3.1.8 Containers and Cylinders of 1.3 Gal (5 L) or Less. Containers or cylinders with a water volume of 1.3 gal (5 L) or less shall be permitted to be used in a horizontal position. [55:7.3.1.8]

63.3.3.3 Handling.

63.3.3.3.1 Applicability. The handling of compressed gas containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be in accordance with 63.3.3.3. [55:7.3.3.1]

63.3.3.3.2 Carts and Trucks.

63.3.3.3.2.1 Containers, cylinders, and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. [55:7.3.3.2.1]

63.3.3.3.2.2 Where containers, cylinders, or tanks are moved by hand cart, hand truck, or other mobile device, such carts, trucks, or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of containers, cylinders, or tanks. [55:7.3.3.2.2]

63.3.3.3.3 Lifting Devices. Ropes, chains, or slings shall not be used to suspend compressed gas containers, cylinders, and tanks unless provisions at time of manufacture have been made on the container, cylinder, or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs. [55:7.3.3.3]

63.3.5 Corrosive Gases.

63.3.5.2 Distance to Exposures. The outdoor storage or use of corrosive compressed gas shall not be within 20 ft (6.1 m) of buildings not associated with the manufacturer of distribution of corrosive gases, lot lines. Streets, alleys, public ways, or means of egress. [55:7.5.2]

63.6.5.2.1 A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations and that extends not less than 30 in. (762 mm) above and to the sides of the storage or use area shall be permitted in lieu of the 20 ft (6.1 m) distance. [55:7.5.2.1]

Full NFPA codes and standards

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International Code Council (ICC)

F191–06/07 3501.1, 3502.1, 3506 (New), 3201.1, 3204.3.1.1, 2209.3.2.5 Flammable Gases and Flammable Cryogenic Liquids

3506.3.1 Construction of the inner vessel. The inner vessel of storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section VIII, Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with Section 3506.3.2

3506.3.2 Construction of the vacuum jacket (outer vessel). The vacuum jacket used as an outer vessel for storage tanks in liquid hydrogen service shall be of welded steel construction designed to withstand the maximum internal and external pressure to which it will be subjected under operating conditions to include conditions of emergency pressure relief of the annular space between the inner and outer vessel. The jacket shall be designed to withstand a minimum collapsing pressure differential of 30 psi (207 kPa).

3506.3.2.1 Vacuum level monitoring. A connection shall be provided on the exterior of the vacuum jacket to allow measurement of the pressure within the annular space between the inner and outer vessel. The connection shall be fitted with a bellows-sealed or diaphragm type valve equipped with a vacuum gauge tube that is shielded to protect against damage from impact.

SECTION 4006 LIQUID OXYGEN IN HOME HEALTH CARE

4006.2 Information and instructions to be provided. The supplier of liquid oxygen shall provide the user with the following information in written form:

1. Manufacturer’s instructions for operation of the containers used and labeling.
2. Locating containers away from ignition sources, exits, electrical hazards and high temperature devices.
3. Restraint of containers to prevent falling.
4. Requirements for transporting containers.
5. Safeguards to be followed when containers are refilled.

4006.5 Locating containers. Containers shall not be located in areas:

1. Where they can be overturned due to operation of a door,
2. Where they are in the direct path of egress,
3. Subject to falling objects,
4. Where they may become part of an electrical circuit, or
5. Where open flames and high temperature devices can cause a hazard.

4006.6 No smoking. Smoking shall be prohibited in rooms or areas where liquid oxygen is in use.

4006.7 Signs. A sign stating “OXYGEN NO SMOKING” shall be posted in the room or area where the liquid oxygen home care container(s) is stored or used and liquid oxygen ambulatory containers are filled.

4006.8 Restraining containers. Containers shall be restrained while in storage or use to prevent falling caused by contact, vibration or seismic activity. Containers shall be restrained by one of the following methods:

1. Restraining containers to a fixed object with one or more restraints.
2. Restraining containers within a framework, stand or assembly designed to secure the container.
3. Restraining containers by locating a container against two points of contact like the walls of a corner of a room or a wall and a secure furnishing or object like a desk.

4006.9 Container movement. Containers shall be transported by use of a cart or hand truck designed for such use.
Exceptions:

1. Liquid oxygen home care containers equipped with a roller base.
2. Liquid oxygen ambulatory containers are allowed to be hand carried.

4006.10.1 Filling of home care containers. Liquid oxygen home care containers shall be filled outdoors.

4006.10.1.1 Incompatible surfaces. A liquid oxygen compatible drip pan shall be provided under home care container fill connections during the filling process in order to protect against liquid oxygen spillage from coming into contact with combustible surfaces, including asphalt.

4006.10.2 Filling of ambulatory care containers. The filling of liquid oxygen ambulatory containers is allowed indoors where the supply container is designed to fill them and written instructions are provided by the container manufacturer.

F208–06/07 Chapter 45, 2605.4, 3003.2, 3203.4.3, 3203.8, 3301.1, 3301.1.3, 3301.3, 3302.1, 3406.5.1.15

2605.4 Acetylene gas. Acetylene gas shall not be piped except in approved cylinder manifolds and cylinder manifold connections, or utilized at a pressure exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) (103 kPa) unless dissolved in a suitable solvent in cylinders manufactured in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Part 178. Acetylene gas shall not be brought in contact with unalloyed copper, except in a blowpipe or torch.

3003.2 Design and construction. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be designed, fabricated, tested, marked with the specifications of manufacture and maintained in accordance with regulations of DOTn 49 CFR, Parts 100-178 185 or the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII.

3203.4.3 Identification of containers. Stationary containers shall be identified with the manufacturing specification and maximum allowable working pressure with a permanent nameplate. The nameplate shall be installed on the container in an accessible location. The nameplate shall be marked in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code or DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100-185.

3203.8 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or removal of valves, pressure relief devices or other container appurtenances, shall comply with Sections 3203.8.1 and 3203.8.2 and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII or DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100-185.

Uniform Fire Code (UFC)

UFC is no longer maintained since 1997. It was adopted by the NFPA, also known as NFPA 1. Visit NFPA's website

1994 Uniform Fire Code — Part VII (Excerpts)

The UFC has been adopted as the fire safety basis in 21 states. NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) and BOCA (Building and Occupation Code of America) is the code basis for the remaining 29 states. UFC tends to be a more restrictive code set, however.

Special Subjects - Article 74 - Compressed Gases

7401.6.1 General. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordance with Section 7401.6.

7401.6.2 Security of Area. The storage, use and handling or compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems shall be safeguarded in accordance with Section 8001.9.2.

7401.6.3 Physical protection. Compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems which could be exposed to physical damage shall be protected. Guard posts or other means shall be provided to protect compressed gas containers, cylinders, tanks and systems indoors and outdoors from vehicular damage. When such guards are provided, see Section 8001.9.3 for design criteria.

7401.6.4 Securing compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be secured to prevent falling due to contact, vibration or seismic activity. Securing of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall be by one of the following methods: Exception: Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks in the process of examination, filling, transport or servicing.

1. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks to a fixed object with one or more restraints.
2. Securing containers, cylinders and tanks on a cart or other mobile device designed for the movement of compressed gas containers, cylinders, or tanks.
3. Nesting of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks at container filling or servicing facilities or in seller's warehouses not accessible to the public. Nesting shall be allowed provided the nested containers, cylinders or tanks, if dislodged, do not obstruct the required means of egress.
4. Securing of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks to or within a rack, framework, cabinet or similar assembly designed for such use.

7403.3.2 Carts and Trucks. Containers, cylinders and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containers, cylinders, or tanks are moved by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the secure movement of containers, cylinders, or tanks. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks within buildings shall be in accordance with Section 8001.10.3. Carts and trucks utilized for transport or compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to building shall be designed so that the containers, cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking violently against each other or other surfaces.

7404.2.1.4 Gas Cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be in accordance with the following:
1. Operated at a negative pressure in relation to surrounding area,
2. Provided with self-closing, limited-access ports or noncombustible windows to give access to equipment controls. The average velocity of ventilation at the face access ports or windows shall not be less than 200 feet per minute (61 m/min) with a minimum of 150 feet per minute (45.7 m/min) at any point of the access port or window,
3. Connect to an exhaust system,
4. Provided with a self-closing door,
5. Constructed of not less than 0.097-inch (2.46 mm) (12 gage) steel, and
6. Internally sprinklered.

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Compressed gas cylinder storage and safety is critical to anyone working around high-pressure or liquid gas. 

For more industrial Gas Storage Equipmentinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

Compressed gas is typically stored in a high-pressure vessel designed to transport gas at pressures above atmospheric. These cylinders are made of durable materials such as steel or aluminum, and is fitted with a valve to control the release of the gas.

Compressed gas cylinders and tanks are also used in a wide range of industries for a variety of purposes, including welding, pharmaceutical, hospitality, agriculture, and industrial manufacturing. Proper handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders is critical to ensure safety and prevent accidents.

What is a compressed gas?

Compressed gas is defined as, "a mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F (21.1°C); or a gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130°F (54.4°C)."

Many hazards are commonly associated with working in and around compressed gases including:

• Oxygen displacement
• Fire & explosions
• Toxic gas exposure
• Physical hazards

Because of these hazards, standards have been put in place in order to mitigate injury and provide awareness to the hazards associated with compressed gases, equipment, control, and handling.

What are the 4 types of compressed gases?

Compressed gases can be categorized into four different types based on their properties and applications. These four types are:

1. Flammable: 

   These are gases that can catch fire easily and burn rapidly. Examples include acetylene, propane, and hydrogen.

2. Inert Gas: 

   These are gases that do not react with other substances and are used to control the environment during welding, cutting, and other industrial processes. Examples include argon, helium, and nitrogen.

3. Toxic Gas: 

   These are gases that can cause harm or death if inhaled or ingested. Examples include carbon monoxide, chlorine, and ammonia.

4. Oxidizing Gas: These are gases that can promote combustion and can cause materials to burn more readily. Examples include oxygen and nitrous oxide.

Why is compressed gas dangerous?

Compressed gas can be dangerous for many reasons but one of the main reasons is due to its storage and high pressure. When gas is stored in specific environments under pressure the gas can escape with great force causing physical harm to those working near the gas or to the property surrounding it. 

In addition, some compressed gases can be toxic and can cause severe harm or fatality for anyone exposed to high concentrations. Serious negative health effects could occur such as long-term damage to respiratory systems, nervous damage, or asphyxiation.

Some compressed gases are also reactive and can cause explosions or fires when they come in contact with other substances or chemicals. Mixing incompatible gases can also cause a violent reaction and release of energy. In order to minimize the risks associated with compressed gases, individuals should understand how to safely handle these gases and adhere to proper protocol to safeguard themselves and those around them when working with the gases.

What are the guidelines stated by OSHA for handling of compressed gases?

Compressed and industrial gas cylinders or tanks are used to store flammable or inert gases. Many of these cylinders are often stored at extremely high pressures (around 2,000 psi). This represents a massive amount of potential energy. If the gas is suddenly released it is an immediate hazard to life and health. 

Improper handling of cylinders could results in sprains, falls, bruises, and severe injury. Other hazards from improper handling of industrial gas cylinders include fire, explosion, burns, and overexposure if gases escape from the cylinders due to mishandling.

OSHA states that compressed gases must be handled and used only by trained employees. Employers must inform employees about chemical hazards through a hazard communication program, labels, and other forms of warnings. It's also important to always consult the gas manufacturer's safety data sheets (SDSs) for specific information.

In addition the immediate release of compressed gas in an enclosed area can cause asphyxiation due to the mixture of the gas in the air quickly lowering the oxygen level. 

Potential gas cylinder hazards include:

• Weight: If cylinders fall or roll, their weight can trigger a hazard, do damage, and injure or even kill workers.

• Threatening contents: Within compressed gas cylinders may be threatening contents that are flammable, explosive, or corrosive.

• Projectile potential: Because compressed gas cylinders are pressurized, projectile potential is a concern. For example, if the valve breaks off the cylinder it can be projected like a rocket across the floor at dangerous speeds and destroying anything in its path.

10 Industrial Gas Safety Tips

When handling compressed gas cylinders of any size there are a few safety recommendations such as:

1. Use the smallest practical cylinder size for a particular job
2. Do not keep cylinders longer than the supplier recommends
3. Do not drop cylinders or allow them to strike together
4. Avoid rough handling
5. Do not strike an electric arc on a cylinder as this can weaken the cylinder
6. Never interfere with valve threads or compressed gas safety devices
7. Always get refill from a specialist when it comes time to change contents
8. Always follow correct procedure for assembling and disassembling 
9. Promptly remove combustible wastes from the work area
10. Regular equipment maintenance can prevent hazards in the workplace

What are the OSHA requirements for compressed gas?

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) has established several guidelines for the handling, storage, and use of compressed gas in the workplace. Here are some of the key OSHA guidelines for compressed gas:

1. Labeling: All compressed gas containers must be labeled with the name of the gas, the hazard warning, and any safety precautions.

2. Storage: Compressed gas containers must be stored in a well-ventilated area away from heat sources, open flames, or other sources of ignition. They must be properly secured and protected from damage.

3. Handling: Compressed gas containers must be handled carefully, using appropriate lifting equipment or carts. They must not be dropped, rolled, or struck.

4. Transport: Compressed gas containers must be transported securely and in accordance with OSHA regulations, using appropriate vehicles and shipping methods.

5. Inspection: Compressed gas containers must be inspected regularly for signs of damage, corrosion, or leaks. Damaged or leaking containers must be removed from service immediately.

6. Training: Employees who handle, use, or store compressed gas must receive appropriate training on the hazards and safety precautions associated with each gas. They must also be trained on the proper handling, storage, and emergency procedures.

7. Emergency procedures: Employers must have written emergency procedures in place in case of a gas release or other emergency. Employees must be trained on these procedures and know how to respond in case of an emergency.

By following these OSHA guidelines, employers can ensure a safe working environment for employees who handle or work with compressed gas.

OSHA Regulations for Gas Cylinders

OSHA has several regulations specifically addressing the safe handling, storage, and use of compressed gas cylinders in the workplace. Some of the key OSHA regulations related to cylinders include:

• 29 CFR 1910.101: This regulation covers general requirements for compressed gases, including storage, handling, and use. It outlines specific requirements for securing cylinders, maintaining proper ventilation, and providing training to employees.
• 29 CFR 1910.102: This regulation provides guidance on the safe storage of compressed gas cylinders. It specifies requirements for storing cylinders upright, securing them to prevent tipping or falling, and segregating incompatible gases.
• 29 CFR 1910.253: This regulation covers welding, cutting, and brazing operations, including the use of compressed gas cylinders for fuel and oxygen. It outlines requirements for storing cylinders in welding areas, as well as precautions for preventing leaks and fires.
• 29 CFR 1910.169: This regulation pertains to the servicing and maintenance of materials handling equipment, including powered industrial trucks used for transporting compressed gas cylinders. It specifies requirements for safely handling and transporting cylinders using equipment such as forklifts or hand trucks.
• 29 CFR 1910.104: This regulation addresses the use of compressed gases for welding, cutting, and brazing operations. It includes requirements for proper cylinder storage, handling, and use during these processes to prevent accidents and injuries.

These regulations provide further detail and guideline for employers to follow to ensure the safe handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders in the workplace. Employers are responsible for familiarizing themselves with these regulations and implementing appropriate measures to protect the health and safety of their employees.

OSHA Compressed Gas Cylinder Storage Tips

Here are the OSHA compressed gas cylinder storage tips:

• Keep the tanks away from the sun, flames, sparks, and areas that reach and exceed 125 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Include firewalls for cylinders with contents that pose different types of hazards. (Oxidizers should not rest within twenty feet of gases which are flammable.) Separate the cylinders or opt for the wall.
• Store acetylene cylinders upright always. The contents are unstable. If left on its side, the liquid acetone might leak out through the tank’s valve. This is a fire hazard.
• Never use copper tubing or fittings with acetylene cylinders.
• Cylinders should be secured so that they can’t cause injury or damage surrounding machinery. Use guards, chains, straps, or “dog bones” to avoid rolling or tipping cylinders. The weight of the cylinders should not exceed the max limit of any of these securing devices.
• Do not remove the cylinder’s cap without the tank being secure.

How to Handle Industrial Gas Cylinders

• All cylinders should be properly marked to identify the contents.

• Make sure valve protection caps are in place.

• If cylinders are leaking, take them outdoors away from sparks or heat and slowly empty them.

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• Make sure to mark all empty cylinders (some companies use "MT").

• Put a warning tag on cylinders that were leaking and notify the supplier.

Other precautions and DON'TS:

•  Never mix gases in a cylinder or try to refill a compressed gas cylinder (best practice suggests contacting the supplier).

• If a cylinder leaks or a valve is broken, tag the cylinder and contact a trained maintenance person or the supplier.

• NEVER smoke around ANY compressed gas cylinder(s).

• Don't use the top of the cylinder as a storage area for tools or material.

Compressed Gas Safety Standards

At CO2Meter we are fortunate to have forged great partner relationships with gas suppliers like Helget Gas Products, systems integrators like General Air Products as well as trade associations like the Compressed Gas Association (CGA), all of whom all stand by carbon dioxide safety as a key component to the services and standards that they offer.

And, when we think about key players when it comes to compressed gases, no association puts greater emphasis on the development and promotion of safety standards in the industry than the Compressed Gas Association. For more than 100 years, the CGA has continued to help promote, develop, and train individuals around the world on compressed gas safety and compliance.

The team at CO2Meter has been more than fortunate to partner with the CGA in getting the gas safety messaging out in the public realm as well as sharing valuable tools to our customers. 

Below, we have highlighted a few of the main Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards and CGA references as they relate to compressed gas, safety, and equipment protocols.

Common Compressed Gas Standards

Gas Cylinder Recycling & Disposal

Our cylinders of compressed calibration gases are provided by GASCO. They are a leading supplier of environmental and industrial safety calibration gases. You can purchase GASCO calibration gases online here. If you have a Grainger account, you can purchase calibration gas online and have it delivered to your local Grainger store.

Calibration gas cylinders ship as hazardous material. This is due to the danger of shipping compressed gas - not from a chemical hazard. Once the cylinders are relieved of pressure they are NOT considered hazardous material or waste.

For disposal of empty gas cylinders, it is acceptable to place them in a landfill. They present no danger to the environment. The cylinders contain absolutely no liquid residue and are clean internally as required for gas mixture stability. As an example for comparison, a typical household cylinder of propane or an empty spray paint aerosol would contain enough residual to be of far greater environmental concern than a calibration gas cylinder.

However, we recommend recycling cylinders. Industrial compressed gas cylinders are reused after pressure testing. GASCO has an Eco-Smart line of calibration gas cylinders they offer that are recyclable. After the cylinder is empty, GASCO will send you a shipping label and you can return it for free.

How can you protect yourself from compressed gases? 

When it comes to protecting yourself from compressed gases, gas detection safety devices are ideal and can provide protection for yourself, your employees, and your establishment by monitoring and assessing one of the four main gases: oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or methane.

While these devices can typically come in two forms either portable gas detectors or fixed gas detectors - both options can be used to detect hazardous gas concentrations by audible and visual alarms should dangerous concentrations occur and indicate should a confined space be dangerous to enter.

Learn more about choosing the right gas detection safety solution here.

See all our gas safety monitors that meet OSHA compliance standards here.

Compressed Gas Safety for Individual Gases

Ammonia

Argon

Carbon Dioxide 

Carbon Monoxide

Helium

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Industrial Gas Safety Training Courses

Whether your company has just received a visit from a compliance officer or you are setting up a new facility, it's important to understand how to handle compressed gas cylinders and the safety precautions to take.

While each type of industrial gas has its own hazards, it is vital to understand that you should always read the label on the cylinder and the material safety sheet (MSDS) for specific safety instructions and information.

Below we highlight a few additional gas safety training courses to provide further insights to safe use, handling and storage:

What to do in a Compressed Gas Emergency?

When it comes time to act fast in an emergency, such as a chemical fire or a gas cylinder leak you must be able to do the following:

1. Evacuate the area at once (if you are not trained to handle the gas it is beyond your control)
2. Alert other people in the area to the emergency
3. Call the fire department immediately
4. Obtain first aid and remove all contaminated clothes if you have been exposed to any hazardous chemicals

Please note: In most compressed gas emergencies, all major compressed gas suppliers have an emergency response team that can be activated by calling the number directly printed on the shipping document or MSDSs.

To view CO2Meter's best practice guide and whitepaper on standard operating procedure in the event of a gas leak, click here to download.

For more information on OSHA compliance and best practices, contact us today.

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